Reserve is the heart of the crater, or caldera, Ngorongoro – remains just one of many extinct volcanoes in this area. Ngorongoro Caldera offers the most spectacular cluster of large game in Africa, it is also one of the world’s largest Calder: its diameter of 14.5 km, the depth from 610 to 762 meters and the total area of 264 sq.km.
Reserve Value is determined by the diversity of the natural environment here. Here you can find forests, swamps, lakes, rivers and vast steppes, or savannah, a member of the Serengeti ecosystem, which extends into Kenya and covers the nearby Masai Mara National Reserve.

Fauna:

In the park live large birds such as ostriches, cranes, Bustard. In the volcanic lakes at the bottom of the crater as large as life appear pink flamingos. Particularly popular among tourists colorful safari, which provided a wonderful opportunity to watch the flocks of zebras, Thompson gazelles, Grant’s gazelles, antelopes and CANNAT wildebeest, buffalo, warthog, jackals, hyenas, lions, elephants and other wild animals. It should be noted that most of the captive animals is a 600-meter cliffs surrounding the flat bottom of the crater.

What to do:

An unforgettable safari in the bottom of Ngorongoro Crater
Ngorongoro is one of the most famous park with animals in Africa, where their density per sq km higher than in other parks. The whole secret is that being on the plains on the crater, its inhabitants have been sharpened on all sides by hills and mountains, and mass kraternogo education. However, no such residence does not confuse animals and even on the contrary only helps to rapidly increase their numbers. None of the other reserves of Tanzania, there is no such number of critically endangered black rhino. There is also the most suitable place for observing the lions, especially for chernogrivym kind of lions.

Savannah feeding a huge number of a variety of herbivores, especially during the dry season when food is in short supply surplus of more than 2 million herbivores wide variety of sizes. List of animals in this region reads like a catalog of the African game and includes wildebeest, zebra, gazelle, buffalo, warthog and kannu, as well as giraffe, elephant and two-horned rhinoceros. Most of these animals kochuet across the vast space of the Serengeti, while others, such as the hippopotamus live near lakes and swamps. Where a lot of production, are inevitable and predators; Reserve Ngorongoro lion population supports, spotted hyenas, jackals, cheetah, leopard and Cervan.

A large number of animals might suggest a high load on the region, but in reality we are an excellent demonstration of an integrated balance achieved by nature in such difficult cases: each type of herbivore takes a specific niche, and to some extent dependent on others. Thus, zebra eats a tough part of many plants, offering access to more antelope juicy parts. Wildebeest dozhevyvaet left the grass, encouraging the emergence of new shoots, of gazelle. Without this constant pressure of herbivorous savannas a large part of the newly evolved into a forest.

The birds in the crater
Ngorongoro – not just a refuge for large game, this area is important for a large number of birds that either live and nest here, or winter, or use the area as a place of rest during a long-distance migrations. Among the permanent residents – ostrich, bustard, buzzard, black eagle, the African and Egyptian vulture. During the rainy season, many European migratory birds, including white stork, a swallow and the English Pliska, fled here from the cold northern winters. Less than regular guests – the small and ordinary flamingos, which arrive to eat at a variety of soda lakes, especially when the usual place of feeding them peresyhayut or when mass mortalities of blue-green algae (which happens from time to time, if algae becomes so much that they in the literal sense of poisoned by toxins, which themselves produce).

Volcanic lake
Inside the crater lake Magadi – a vast alkaline lake, which peresyhaet in the dry season and where to arrive a lot of pink flamingos. In the southern part of Lake Forest be Leurent, where elephants, monkeys and water the goats. Night in these woods sometimes looks rhinoceros, and the morning will now return to its flat pastures. In the swampy area on the car can be a fairly close match to the hippopotamus.

Masai Tribe
Strangely enough, from time to time in the crater area are Maasai tribes with their herds of livestock, which is surprisingly good ladit with wild inhabitants. Young massayskie Warriors guard and protect their livestock from the attacks of lions and leopards, kotorh years ago massaytsam had to kill to ensure that only impregnated.

Getting there:

Plane from the national parks of Tanzania (Arusha and Manyara of the charter). Arusha is located at 190 km, Lake Manyara – 60 km, Olduvay Gorge – 50 km, 145 km – Seronera, 225 km – Lobo, Nairobi – 415 km.

Seasons:

The edges of the crater is 2 235 m above sea level and so it is always cooler than the bottom, where it is a strong heat. In the period from November to December short rains come, and from March to May, heavy. The dry months from June to October, this time on the very edge of the crater is even cold.

A large part of their everyday life, dating from 9 century, has been looted, so that archaeologists little left to learn. Traces of the lost civilization found in the past, but scientists hope is pinned on an expedition to the area of the Peruvian province Dzhamalka Utkubamba, which is located about 500 miles northeast of the capital, Lima.
Until recently, almost all that was known about the people, it was Taken from the legends of Incas. Even the self of the people remains unknown. Name chachapoyas, which means «cloud people», he was given the Incas.

The most famous monument to their culture is the fortress Kellyap erected on Mount Utkubamba, comparable, perhaps, to Machu Picchu, the lost city of the Incas, built many centuries later.

Two years ago in one of the caves archaeologists got an underground vault with five mumiyami, two of whom survived, even skin and hair.

Annalist chachapoyas Seza Pedro de Leon wrote about the tribe: «They – the white and beautiful people, I have only met, but their wives are so beautiful that, because of its gentleness, many of them deserve to be the wives of the Incas and to be taken to the Temple Sun. And these women and their husbands always dressed in woolen clothes and on their heads wore wool turban, on which their music and learn Chachapoyas lived in the northern mountainous areas of modern Peru. Limits of their territory served Maranon River, and Utkubamba Abiseo. Due to the width of Maranon and mountainous areas, the tribe has lived on in isolation

Fantastic Island of Bali (Bali) – shimmering green stone in the magic necklace of islands of Indonesia archipelago. It is not by chance Bali gained fame earthly paradise, undisturbed home of gods. This miniature volcanic island (one day you can reach any place, inspect it and go back to the hotel), a bright warm sun and refreshing tropical downpours, has long been a main center of a thriving tourism industry in Indonesia, while not losing their unique color , brilliance and charm. The island of Bali – it is a kaleidoscope of impressions, a rainbow of emotions and endless carnival of life,in which there is a place for everyone. You smb head amazing beauty of Bali and the elegance of its landscape: dense lush greenery of the tropical jungle, the greatness of sky-high mountain peaks, crystal clear water lakes and rapid rivers, deep ravine and the giant step of emerald rice fields. The northern tip of Bali twine a chain of six active volcanoes. Numerous bays rugged coast color sand beaches, surf and high waves break on the beach, surrounded by a ring of coral reefs.

Unique cultural traditions of Bali potryasut your imagination its unprecedented generosity and entertainment. Here is the only refuge of the Hindu community in South-East Asia, and the magnificent religious ceremonies, colorful festivals, magic music gamelan orchestra, stunning dance, theater and original architecture adorn literally every moment of the modern life of Bali.

Holidays in Bali : The island of Bali – a source of inexhaustible pleasure for every taste, picturesque palette of opportunities for exciting, educational, even extreme, or serene, elegant, valyazhnogo rest. He leads the ranking of inter-oceanic repeat visits. The most famous resort on the island – the coast of Kut – shestikilometrovaya strip of white sand, chosen rollicking Australian visitors and full of countless restaurants, bars, shops and clubs. Travelers in search of rest is better to leave in Sanur, Dzhimbaran, to the peaceful shores of Chand Das or black volcanic sand half on the northern tip of the island. All of these resorts is literally built for diving and snorklinga, as have the wonderful coral reefs and readily rare opportunities to wreck – dive (dives to the remains of sunken ships). Lovers of surfing in Bali barker famous bay south coast district Uluvatu and vdayuschiesya far fractures in the sea islands of Nusa Lembongan. The eastern coast of the island is considered the best center rafting throughout Indonesia. The tourists who dream of expensive taste delights of luxury recreational expects respectable and luxurious Nusa Dua, completely splashed with fresh igolochki hotel with a rock, offering the widest range of services and art facilities that can satisfy and please the most experienced traveler. Holidays in Bali can be deliriously good for health, for which you need only visit the unique thalassotherapy centers and spas, or just treat your body Bali massage.

Sights of the island of Bali : In addition to the many pleasures of spa sulyaschih mestechek there tempting opportunity to ride deep into the island to swim in the traditional life of the islanders. For example, in the small village of Ubud, and now turned into a kind of cultural center of Bali, where every evening, traditional dance performances, a shopping gallery variegated products of local artists and craftspeople. In general, the Bali villages (Mac, Cheluk, Batubulan) much more attractive cities, but Denpasar, the ancient capital of Klungkung Singarayya and deserve careful attention to its wonderful museums, temples and markets.

Unusually attractive island for lovers of hiking. Most trekking routes involve lifting volcanoes. Fuming summit Gunung Batura quite favorable to the uninvited guest, a mighty Gunung Agung (the highest peak of the island, one of eight recognized points of Chakra in the world) is only available to specially trained tourists. The only national park in Bali – Bali Barat, the place of Dan Bratan, Taman Burung (Bird Park), Taman Купу Купу (Butterfly Park), reptile park is famous for its spectacular rainbow variety of birds, flittering and crawling inhabitants. Rezvyaschiesya Dolphins flock, safari in the Sumatran elephant, the race for bykah, fighting crickets – all available on a paradise island.

Another «salt» Islands – stunning beauty and majesty of countless Hindu temples. Among the most impressive – the magical island of Tana Lot Temple, a massive and complex Besaki, spread on the sacred slopes of the volcano Gunung Agung. Be sure to visit any of the grand temple festivals, it happens here and there with frequent intervals throughout the year and for the most part open to tourists.

And to crown all – unspeakable, inexplicable magic of the island … At the moment when you feel it, you’ll be fascinated at the rest of their lives.

Geography of Bali : A. Bali – one of the 13’677 islands of Indonesia, located in the Indian Ocean at latitude 8 ° south of the Equator and the meridian 115 ° east longitude between o.Yava (west) and o.Lombok and other small islands Sundh (Sumbava , Flores, Timor and Sumbe). The area of the island is 5.6 sq. km, length – 150 km from east to west and 80 km from north to south. The so-called Wallace Line, stretching from the island of Bali and Lombok in the east, is the boundary between the flora and fauna of tropical Asia, and natural areas of Australia and New Guinea.

At present, Bali is one of the 27 provinces of Indonesia. Administrative Center – g.Denpasar. Located in the southern part of the island and is very different from the usual image of a typical many Asian capitals: suddenly quiet green town. Nearby is Ngura Rai International Airport – the main transport hub island.

The diversity of flora is truly amazing: huge Banyan, clove, acacia, Tamarin, fire wood, mangrove trees. Here there are a good dozen species of coconut palms and even more – bamboo. And flowers, flowers everywhere. Gibikus, Bougainville, jasmine, magnolia, water lily, franzhipani, a host of orchids … of which make wonderful bouquets in Moscow

Monkeys, barking deer, and rat, more than 300 species of birds, dolphins, whale sharks, reef fish and coral, mureny, crustaceans, colorful corals and sponges inhabit the luxuriant thickets of the jungle and the island blue coastal waters.

Climate and weather in Bali :  Climate in Bali-equatorial monsoon, instead of the usual division into 4 seasons here distinguish only 2: the dry (June – October) and wet (November – March, the largest amount of precipitation falls in January – February). Hot (the temperature sometimes rises above 30 °) and rainy weather from November to March is replaced with a more pleasant from June to September, when the ocean breeze fills the air fresh and cool. In some parts of Bali, the difference between them almost invisible. During the wet season rainfall locally, usually at night in the form of short-term (1-2 hours) lightning storms. All the rest of the time the sun is shining, the air is clean, transparent and filled with aromas of violent flowering. It is therefore fascinating world rests on the island year round, although during the rainy season and sometimes there are problems with transportation, unsafe mining tours and diving.

The average temperature varies slightly around the point 26 °. In the lowlands, and resort areas and warm day and night in the mountains of relatively cool nights, and generally posvezhee than the rest of the territory. The temperature of the water in an ocean of 26-28 °. Acclimatization in Bali has always been easy, even if you came straight from the February frost.

The population of Bali : In ethnic terms, baliytsy – a kind of «floating» Malays, Melanesians, Indians, Chinese and the indigenous peoples of Indonesia. They are omnipresent, preventive and charming. Surprisingly creative, artistic, balanced, and with a sense of humor, people, hospitality and cheerfulness of which can only envy. You can be sure, problems with security in Bali, you will not arise.

The dominant religion – the so-called Balinese Hinduism, which are strong elements of Buddhism, spiritualism, magic and the cult of ancestors. If, in Indonesia the brink of separating secular from religious life, are very thin, then to Bali, it is virtually non-existent. Religious preaching in schools, but traditionally the main means of morality is to impose a theater.

All his life islander marked a continuous sequence of unique landmarks, the rituals, the first of which occurs before birth. The most spectacular and interesting for foreigners rituals – holiday paring mapandes teeth and, strangely enough, cremation ceremony pengabenan.

The basis of Balinese society is hereditary caste system, in general, much less rigid than the Indian. The only limitation would be encountered by tourists – a custom treatment to the man according to his caste, which is only 4: Brahma, Shatrah, Veshya and Shudra (90% of the population). For people of lower castes are not made to look down, there are practically no restrictions in choosing a profession.

Baliets born, will be immediately involved in a complex system of social relations. Desa (village) consists of a neighborhood community – Banyari. Assembly of Heads of families, members of the Banyari administers all matters relating to the temple ceremonies, develop laws governing the community, monitor their execution, as well as implementing a policy of higher government authorities. The existence of the community revolves around the village churches, each of which is purely its own calendar of local holidays, festivals in nearby villages and «global» celebrations throughout the island. In any home there is a temple, for which Bali women every day are made sacrificial gifts from palm leaves, fruits and flowers. This sacred trust in the black and white magic, and that the world is arranged beautifully and harmoniously.

Languages in Bali : The official language of Indonesia is an Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), but in some areas, especially in Bali, along with the common vernacular, and indigenous people. Many Indonesians are quite clearly communicate in English.

Balinese language (Bahasa Bali) – Bali mirror culture. It is very complex and has several levels, reflecting differences in social status. Therefore, to use the words you need to Bali with great care: there is always the risk of offending people by calling it inadequate in terms of its status.

Iguazu Falls
This waterfall is situated along the Brazil-Argentina border and is famed for its scenic beauty. Though its height is just about 89 meters, it ranks as the fourth best waterfall in the world because of its beauty. The U-shaped cliff in the waterfall which is known as the Devil’s throat is the most striking feature of this waterfall.

Tugela Falls
This is the world’s second highest waterfalls and it falls from a height of 947 meters. It is located in the Natal province in South Africa. The source of the falls, the Tugela River, is an ultimately pure river and is considered safe for consumption. The specialty of this waterfall is the presence of a series of five spectacular cascades.

Niagara Falls
The Niagara Falls is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the world with about six million cubic meters of water flowing per minute. It is present in the Canada-America border and consists of a set of waterfalls namely the American falls, Bridal Veil Falls and the Horseshoe falls. It is well known for its beauty and attracts a large number of tourists from around the world.

Rhine Falls
The Rhine falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe. It is located in Switzerland near the German border. These are one of the oldest waterfalls which were believed to have formed about seventeen thousand years ago.

Yosemite Falls
The Yosemite Falls is the highest waterfalls in North America. It is located inside the Yosemite National Park in California. These falls are a combination of two plunge falls and a cascade falls. The upper falls plunges from a height of 425 meters and forms a cascade falls. The flow gets united again and forms the lower falls which has a height of 97 meters.

Jog Falls
The Jog falls is the highest waterfall in India. Its source is the Sharavathi River and it flows from a height of 253 meters. It is renowned for its scenic beauty and is a major tourist attraction in the country. It is also a major source for Hydro-electric power.

Victoria Falls
The Victoria Falls is considered to be the largest waterfalls in the world. It is located in the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe and has the Zambezi River as its source. It stretches for a width of 1.7 kilometers and also falls from a height of 108 meters. Due to this physical formation, the falls produce a great level of sound and hence its name, the Smoke that Thunders. The forest site near the waterfalls contains the most unique species of wildlife.

Iguazu Falls in Brazil and Argentina, the Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe and Zambia, and Niagara Falls in the United States and Canada are the three largest waterfalls in the world. Iguazu is made up of 275 falls more than 3 km and the total width of 80 m height, which makes it wider than Victoria Falls, higher than Niagara Falls and more beautiful than each of them. The word “Iguazú” in the local language means “big water”. Iguazu Falls – the world’s sight. The deepest part of the waterfall is called ‘to the Garganta Diablo’ or ‘Devil’s throat’, or ‘Akuma but Nodobue’.

During the dry season, visitors can see two separate falls in the form of two crescents. Each half is 732 meters wide. During the dry season is less than the showers, and water levels in the River Iguaçu decreases. In Iguazu Waterfalls receive less water, so that it is divided into two separate falls.

During the wet season, the two crescent connected together to form one large waterfall about 4 kilometers wide. This is because the wet season gets more rain, so the more rainwater feeds the Iguaçu River in the north-eastern Brazil.

A waterfall was opened to 1541g. Spanish conquistadors Don Alvaro Nunez de Vaca Kasese, went to the South American jungle in search of gold and adventure.

Iguazu Falls – one of the biggest attractions the world. Thousands of people from all over the daily crowd on bridges built on the banks of the river Iguazu, only to have at least a few meters closer to the Garganta to Diablo (Devil’s throat). This is the most terrifying and mysterious of all the 275 waterfalls in the Cascade Iguaçu – the largest group of waterfalls on the planet.

Waterfall is one of the most beautiful sights in nature at any time of year. The beauty of its dancers flow varies depending on the volume of water in the river Iguaçu. Average volume – 1.2 million cubic meters per second. During the spill the river, this number increased three-fold. In dry seasons the flow of thin wash rocks, formed by numerous volcanic eruptions some 120 million years ago.

In the area around Iguazu National Park is located, where visitors can inspect wildlife and vegetation. By the rivers Paraná and Iguaçu excursions by boat. People can also visit the dam Itaipú, one of the largest hydroelectric power plants in the world.

Most of the waterfall is from Argentina, but the best view opens with the Brazilian side. Iguacu Falls – the second most important tourist attraction in Brazil. It is situated on the border of Brazil and Argentina at the confluence of the rivers Paraná and Iguaçu. Exciting 80-meter drop in water impressive in itself. But this is not the only one, but the entire 275 related falls, forming a cascade of falling water flow-shape. Like a tropical bird fly in height, forming a rainbow in the spray and making incredible beauty of the waterfall.

By the waterfall can be reached by land, by air or by water. Walking trail rises, passing through numerous observation platforms. At the end of the lift will take you to the summit, where the gift shop and observation point for the inspection of the upper plateau of the River Iguaçu. There are also tours by helicopter and by boat on the River. And all this splendor is the midst of wild nature. Atlantic tropical forest podstupaet directly shells hotel.

Over the years, the program falls included all the new travel arrangements. The choice is diverse and offers a rich adventure, environmental, scientific and cultural forms of tourism. One of the most exciting trips – on the river Iguaçu. Boats bring groups of tourists to the canyon waterfall. Sensations when driving under certain indescribable waterfalls. Some tourists are returning to once again go through their second, third, fourth time.

Adventure precedes a trip to the open jeep on the Iguazú National Park. Guides bilingual explanation of local fauna and flora groups of visitors – during the trip, you can generally see the lizards, birds and a large number of insects.

Waterfalls can be seen from above and from a helicopter. The flight of seven minutes, presents a broad overview of the entire panorama of the waterfall, but the flight over the city and power Itaipú is approximately 35 minutes.

Research conducted by scientists in the XX century. Revealed that the people of Peru, to the conquest of the Spaniards in the XVI century. Possess great expertise in the field of culture, astronomy, architecture, engineering, medicine, agriculture and other areas of life, differ from European . On the territory of Peru was found a number of ancient cultural centers. Historians and archaeologists have been found high in the mountains a few mysterious abandoned cities, about four areas of mysterious figures visible only from the air, the pyramids, etc.

In this article we Concerning only the vicinity of the ancient capital of the Inca empire – the city of Cuzco. In the north-west of the city is amazing the construction of ancient fortresses in the area Saksayuaman that Spaniards were unable to break through. It was built of huge stones, weighing up to 150 tons, the volume of 60 cubic meters. meters and a height of three houses. Remains a mystery to scientists, and device technology for the delivery of individual stones on the hill for tens of kilometers from Cuzco. There is reason to argue that the huge size of the stones may form in the same way, which now are cast concrete blocks with the use of cement powder and other components. There are huge menhir, dolmen and other facilities located in the territories of France to the Caucasus, Altai, and India, which has been casting a stone with blue and light blue shades.

Here on the gates of the castle is a mysterious stone cubic form which, when struck by stones it produces toll, its different in space. Our study revealed that the mysterious sound of the stone is unusual in its manufacture of talented masters of the past. They had made a vase in the form of a bell from serebrosoderzhaschey breed, and inserted into the top of the cubic capacity. Cavity was filled vases on top zvukonepogloschayuschim material. It is possible that around the vase-bell shape was formed cubic stone casting method in the form (formwork), similar to how it is made from the viscous solution of concrete. The original solution can be used in different variants of the modern masters of Russia.

In addition, in the territory of the fortress there are the mysterious maze of underground tunnels, which are connected with the labyrinthine passages located on the opposite side of the river Tulumayo. A labyrinth of mentions in his memoirs-known historian, Garcilaso de la Vega, visited them in their childhood. To pass on those labyrinths in the time of the Incas used long multicolored yarn. Now archaeologists are looking for places in these underground entrances. Around Cusco there are the mysterious stones depicting pumy, monkeys, birds, snakes, etc. In the vicinity of Cuzco, there are huge hills – a pyramid with the tomb of the ancient rulers. These structures are covered with old bedding land clearing which can be found many interesting things in stone. Underground city of Cuzco are connected with a huge network of tunnels, store literature, Sanskrit sister.On the ruins of the city, located in the heart of the Peruvian Andes, for the first time told the world the American archaeologist and historian Iram Bingham learned about them from the local inhabitant Melchor Arteaga. Above rede stories and the appointment of the city once existed a long time, historians, archaeologists, astronomers and scientists of other professions. From all sides come here every year, hundreds of thousands of people to see the ruins of a unique mountain town, a claim called the “eighth wonder of the world.”

In rede these secrets and was attended by researchers from Moscow. We found a great picture of local pet llama on one of the rocks. This image is well seen in the photographs. Put it on a rock in the III century.
The upper side of the nearby mountains, facing the ruins of the city seen from the vertical, horizontal stripes and other lines that are reminiscent of the ancient Indian ornament. We know that the Incas had until the end of unrevealed ornament-writing, which consists of rectangles, squares, and stepped lines. They are found in Peru for some wood and clay cups Indians – keros. Captures this pattern in the painting company temple del Cuzco on wedding dresses princess Biatris. Rede of this letter is the scientific Victoria de la Jara.

Studies with the use of intrageoskopa show that inside the mountain Uayna Pikchu a large hollow space, which goes up and down in the underground passages. Around the base of the mountain there was a log leading to a cave in the middle of the mountains. Sign zamurovan yet. Presumably, in this cave may be the historical materials of antiquity. The hill itself was a strong energetichnostyu. Above the cave at one time was the sight hole, which gave the name of the Mount Lookout Tower. ” In addition, from the city on the hill Uayna Pikchu at a certain angle viewing figure of a man almost the entire height of the mountain . This figure looks better than the figure in Saydozera Kola Peninsula.

There is reason to assume that under the city lie the ancient underground tunnels, which are probably ancient historical materials, including written, able to answer the many questions researchers. Indicative Plan of the stone vaults inside the array can be seen in Entries zamurovany. Modern technologies allow to identify place zamurovki.

Construction of buildings on the site relates to approximately 1600 BC, when there were other highly developed state and the culture of Egypt, Crete, Greece, China. There have been at different times of the various States, replacing each other. Leave the city I was at the end of the new millennium era.

The canyon was formed over a period of approximately 10 million years: the plain, on which the flow of Colorado, billow under the influence of underground power and water flow gradually hit a plateau, vymyvaya quite soft rock canyon – limestone, sandstone and shale. Now on the bottom of the valley has made the most ancient rocks – granites, where the destruction is much slower. By gorge at a speed of 20 km. hour racing headlong into a red-brown waters of Colorado (the very name of the river in the translation from Spanish and means “red”), Katia on the bottom of huge boulders and gravel, and carrying with them so much sand and clay, that the river becomes completely opaque. During the day, Colorado takes to the sea about half a million tonnes of rocks. Stones and sand, the river certainly increase the damaging effects of Colorado, and even krepchayshie granite canyon floor wiped this “abrasive” annually for a quarter of a millimeter.

The vast space of the valley is not just a long narrow failure in the ground. It is filled with random clusters cliff-ostantsev with most formations. Landslides, water and wind erosion have created within the walls of the canyon shape of giant pagodas, pyramids, towers, walls, representing the unique beauty and majesty of sight. Many of them have their own names: Vishnu Temple, Shiva Temple, Tron Wotan, etc.
After a flight over Lake Mead, Hoover dam, the river of Colorado and part of Grand Canyon Airport Grand Canyon West, located on the western edge of Canyon, in the Indian reservation Ualapay (Hualapai Indian’s Reservation), – passage of a unique glass bridge Grand Canyon SkyWalk, open the spring of 2007 in one of the most beautiful places in Grand Canyon at a height where only eagles soared above! Then – Review bus tour with a guide and a light lunch, a barbecue at the edge of the canyon is a guest of the Indians!From a bird’s-eye view you’ll see not only Las Vegas, Lake Mead, Hoover Dam, Colorado River, in the round SBW-1, but the entire Grand Canyon!
After landing at the airport on the southern edge of the Grand Canyon tour guide will meet you, you take a bus tour through the southern part of the National Park Grand Canyon, as wide and beautiful, imprinted on many postcards. At stops on the observation deck you will have enough time to admire the beautiful canyon views, to make pictures and buy souvenirs. Provides lunch in the small town of Tusayan (Tusayan), located south of the National Park. Then return to the Grand Canyon airport and flight to Las Vegas.
During the flight from Las Vegas airport to Grand Canyon West, located on the western edge of Canyon, in the Indian reservation Ualapay (Hualapai Indian’s Reservation), examined the air of Lake Mead, Hoover Dam and the western part of Grand Canyon. After landing, landing in a helicopter and descend to the bottom of the Grand Canyon (to a depth of over 1200 meters!), The Colorado River to the coast. Here we will pontoon boat with a motor (boat cruise), where we made a small but very interesting walk to the Colorado River: a few admired the majestic beauty of the Grand Canyon and saw his paintings in a cliff unusual perspective! Climb up to the helicopter at the edge of the canyon and a bus tour of the western part of Grand Canyon – on Indian tribal lands valapai (Ualapay: Walapai, Hualapai Indians) – with stops at the observation deck and lunch. Return to the airport and flight to Las Vegas.

Monument Valley and Grand Canyon – one day!

Combination Tour: Aviatur and sightseeing bus tour.
Participants of this tour will be able to touch the history of the indigenous inhabitants of North America and enjoy the timeless beauty and grandeur of Grand Canyon and Monument Valley. The tour begins with a flight from Las Vegas to the National Park Grand Canyon (~ 1 h 10 min), where tourists waiting for a transfer by bus to one of the most beautiful observation platforms southern canyon. You can make pictures on the memory and buy souvenirs. Next flight to Monument Valley (~ 1 h 15 min), and bus tour Monument Valley and Navajo tribal lands of Indians visiting the viewing platform with John Ford’s Point. Before the flight back – light lunch. Return to Las Vegas with a short landing in the Grand Canyon Airport for refueling. During the flights will be able to see from the air Lake Mead (Lake Mead), Hoover Dam (Hoover Dam), Colorado River (Colorado River) and the reserves themselves Monument Valley and Grand Canyon.
The ideal tour for people with limited time!

From the air you will see all the beauty of Las Vegas, Lake Mead (Lake Mead) – the largest reservoir in the world of man, one of the world’s largest dam – Hoover Dam (Hoover Dam), the Colorado River, and – of course! – One of the wonders of the world: the Grand Canyon.
A unique opportunity to visit the “earthly paradise”, enter the wonderful world of Indian and intimate secrets of the Grand Canyon!

Combination Tour: Aviatur, sightseeing bus tour, descend to the bottom of the Grand Canyon by helicopter and the pedestrian walk to the stunning beauty of the waterfalls!
Early in the morning, during a flight from Las Vegas (Boulder terminal), examined the air of Lake Mead, Hoover Dam and the western part of the canyon. After landing at the airport on the southern edge of Grand Canyon (Grand Canyon South Rim Airport) – Bus tour of the National Park with stops at the most beautiful observation deck, where there will be ample time to admire the scenic canyon views and make photos . In the afternoon – free time for self-acquaintance with a small town of Tusayan (Tusayan), located south of National Park and with the Grand Canyon. Accommodation at the hotel.

The next day, after breakfast – transfer to the helicopter pad and a spectacular 20-minute descent to the helicopter to the bottom of the canyon, the Indian village, located in one of the most beautiful and remote corners of the Grand Canyon. Currently there are about 450 Indian tribe Havasupay ( Havasupai – “people are blue-green water”). The participants in the tour will be approximately 5 hours to walk to the three waterfalls, falling to the vertical walls of the canyon: Navajo (Navajo Falls, ~ 2,4 km from the town), Hayashi (Havasu Falls, another 0.4 km) and Mooney (Mooney Falls, ~ 4,8 km). The water temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year – about 20 ° C, so that persons can bathe. Those who have seen these waterfalls, the crystal-clear azure waters, say that their kind “simply breathtaking”. Havasupay themselves as Indians called this place “Shangri-la” ( “Shangri-La” – a paradise on earth). After this tour you will not remain questions – why … Around 15:00 tourists fly to the South Rim, where the second evening of the day (free time).
Grand Canyon and Monument Valley: Feel-western movie hero!

Combination Tour: Aviatur, bus tour on the southern part of the Grand Canyon and sightseeing tour in a jeep on Monument Valley.
Early in the morning, during a flight from Las Vegas (Boulder terminal), examined the air of Lake Mead, Hoover Dam and the western part of the canyon. After landing at the airport on the southern edge of Grand Canyon (Grand Canyon South Rim Airport) – Bus tour of the National Park with stops at the most beautiful observation deck, where there will be ample time to admire the scenic canyon views and make photos . In the afternoon – free time for self-acquaintance with a small town of Tusayan (Tusayan), located south of National Park and with the Grand Canyon. Accommodation at the hotel.

Monument Valley (Monument Valley) and a guided tour in a jeep on Navajo tribal lands of the Indians with a visit to the best observation sites, including John Ford’s Point, where the amazing natural scenery famous films were shot -western, with the participation of legendary John Wayne. Before the flight back – light lunch. Evening – free time.
Full delight!

Combination Tour: Aviatur, bus tour on the southern part of the Grand Canyon, sightseeing tour by jeep to the canyon antelope and calm water rafting on the Colorado River.
Early in the morning, during a flight from Las Vegas (Boulder terminal), examined the air of Lake Mead, Hoover Dam and the western part of the canyon. After landing at the airport on the southern edge of Grand Canyon (Grand Canyon South Rim Airport) – Bus tour of the National Park with stops at the most beautiful observation deck, where there will be ample time to admire the scenic canyon views and make photos . In the afternoon – free time for self-acquaintance with a small town of Tusayan (Tusayan), located south of National Park and with the Grand Canyon. Accommodation at the hotel.

The coastline is spread on the territory of Utah and Arizona lake is 1960 miles, which is longer than the length of the entire Pacific coast of the USA! Enjoy an exciting tour with a guide for the Jeep off to a geological wonder – Canyon antelope (Antelope Canyon), consisting of a naturally arising giant cracks in the sandstone rocks. Within a few centuries, water and wind vytochili in red sandstone deepening of a few hundred meters! The canyon was named because ryzhe-red walls and is famous among photographers around the world due to the formations of rocks, covered with light magic. When the sun’s rays penetrate to the very bottom, canyons look as if the palace is lit inside a dark glare.
Then the dam at Glen Canyon (Glen Canyon Dam), you will take place in a motorized raft with a guide and make nezabyvamy raft floating on the calm water of the Colorado River (15.5 river miles) and the history of 200 million years! Special training for the alloy is required, as there are no restrictions on age and the participants. There is a picnic lunch, and beverages during the journey. Complete its journey in the historic Lee’s Ferry, where you van otvezut the Grand Canyon. On the road that lies on the Navajo lands of the Indian tribe (Navajo Indian’s Reservation), you can admire the magnificent views east of the Grand Canyon and the Painted Desert – “Painted Desert”, which compared to a color coloring Navajo Indian rugs.

Language: Ecuador has two official languages: Spanish and Quechua, the language of the Inca empire.

Climate and clothing: Ecuador has all the climatic zones: from the warm ocean to continuously eternal snow peaks. Quito, the capital is called “eternal spring”. Despite the fact that the Ecuadorian capital Quito is located at the equator, the height above sea level – between 2,500 and 3,000 meters, weather is surprisingly comfortable all year round. Full-time temperature of about 20C and 15C at night. Most are dry months – July and August, the rainy – November and March. Use light clothing during the day, the evening will be the way a sweater or a jacket. A light raincoat and / or umbrella are useful in the wet months, and of course the sweater, jacket or jacket for the trip to the mountains. For long walks comfortable footwear is essential. In the jungle, tropical temperatures averaging around 28C. Rain nearly all year, but short-lived. Clothes – the same all year: light, cotton clothing, long trousers and shirts with long sleeves for a walk on the jungle, sun hat and sunglasses are mandatory. On the Galapagos Islands and the Pacific coast the average temperature of 28C. Clothing is better to prefer a light, but protect from direct equatorial sun.

Electricity: 110 volts, 60 Hz

Entry Requirements: must have a valid foreign passport and return ticket. Free visa is issued at the airport on arrival for up to 90 days. When you visit the Galapagos Islands nature reserve is paid to collect $ 100.

Visiting the tax: The international flights from Ecuador levied a tax of $ 41 USD.

Currency: U.S. dollar.

Health: No vaccinations are required for entry into Ecuador. Travelers with heart problems or high blood pressure should consult a physician about the highland travel (more than 3000m). Strongly advised to use bottled water purchased in a store.

Local Time: Central European 9 hours, switch to daylight saving time is not. On the Galapagos Islands – 10 hours.
Journal “Rodale Scuba Diving” appropriated Galapagos readers rated the 2003 seats in the following categories: Number 1 – the best place for diving in the world (shares with Papua New Guinea) Number 3 – the most economical place in the Pacific and Indian Ocean Number 2 – the best fish world in the Pacific and Indian Ocean Number 1 – the best place in the world for diving safari with large animals Number 1 – the place where the returning divers in the Pacific and Indian Ocean Sea fishing in the Galapagos Islands is possible but very expensive. Yacht for 4 people-fishermen standing on the day about 1500 U.S. dollars. The best season for catching bluefin marline – October, though at any time of the year during two days of fishing, you are guaranteed you will find some marline. Galapagos Islands are located 1000 km from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, an archipelago formed by underwater volcanic eruptions 6 million years ago. 19 islands form the holistic Galapagos archipelago now known as the Galapagos National Park and Ecological Reserve. Galapagos unlike any other place on Earth. Penguins, giant turtles, cormorants sinenogie and other local varieties of fauna visitors admire their behavior, and without fear. Galapagos Islands’ large size and located at great distance from one another, moving between them can take anywhere from two to fourteen hours. Nature and wildlife of the archipelago is so interesting that, in order to study them is not enough for a month, but for eight trip you can visit the most interesting of these fascinating islands to explore their marine environment. We offer modern and comfortable yacht that will give you the opportunity to make it an interesting journey, accompanied by centering in the sky albatross, frigates and other seabirds. Perhaps you’ll see dolphins, floating in the straits separating the island. In the Galapagos Islands there are five of warm and cold ocean currents, the impact of their changes depending on the season. This mixture flows complicates diving, but it can teach a diver pleasant surprise at any time. Cruise the Galapagos Islands allows you to swim and dive with sea lions and watch as cormorants perform their nuptial dance. You can also see the “lonely George” (the last tortoise of his species on earth are unable to mate with the other) at the Charles Darwin Research Station and to discover the earth like giant dragons iguanas. Visitors to the Galapagos Islands stay and eat on board their yacht in order to protect the fragile environment from unnecessary exposure, but we try to make your time here is so strong as possible. We offer great hiking in mountainous terrain Galapagos, including a surprising trip to the Black Crater, the second largest volcanic crater in the world. We will be happy to provide additional services to the type of diving, dive safari, sea fishing, or combine a cruise with a visit to mainland Ecuador. ECUADOR TOURS works only with the best hotels and cruise yachts on the Galapagos, to ensure a safe, comfortable and unforgettable tour of the islands.

Kenya – the most wonderful country a black continent, not knowing unrivaled by any dazzling beauty of the landscape, nor in the richness and diversity of living animals and birds.

Antelope wildebeest migration in East Africa, or The Great Migration – this is one of the most amazing spectacles in the world of wildlife. In this world of mass migration are involved in about 2 million antelopes and zebras. Many of them have become prey of predators – lion, cheetah, hyenas and wild dogs, herds of pursuing hard. Antelopes move from the Serengeti (Serengeti) in the Masai Mara (Masai Mara) from July to September in search of new pastures and return back to the Serengeti from December to January. And this journey on a circle is repeated for many millennia.

Serengeti National Park – This park, located in the neighboring country of Tanzania. It begins immediately after crossing the Kenyan border. Masai Mara – a popular Kenyan park reserve. The exact time of migration is difficult to predict – it varies depending on the rains. Tentative schedule is: December – March rainy season from December to March antelopes carried out in the open the volcanic plains inside the Ngorongoro Crater (Ngorongoro) and in the south of the Serengeti Park. This is the starting point of migration. On a plain young antelope have become easy prey for predators, so the calving of all antelopes occur simultaneously (90% of calves are born in 2-3 weeks).

With such a number of food predators can cause significant damage to the young population. Young anlitop able to move to the next minute after birth, and after 3 days they have enough strength to keep pace with herd. April – May when grass at the southern end Serengati, herds are moved to the western part of the park (Serengeti’s Western Corridor). During migration, many antelope die from exhaustion and injuries, so always have a herd of vultures. The first real obstacle to the antelope becomes Grumeti River (Grumeti), where the giant Nile crocodiles, up to 6 meters in length, wait zameshkavshihsya animal. The survival of crocodiles, in turn, depends directly on the Great Migration – for their primary starting a year hunting.

Following the June rains, flocks move north to Park Masai Mara and the border with Kenya. Here they will have to go another river – Mara (Mara), is also alive crocodiles. Around this time the antelope begins during Gonave. After displacement to the west, the flock Submit some inexplicable instinct, is divided into 2 parts, one povorachivat in the north-east, while the second continues the movement to the north. July, August, September, October, November herds remain on the fertile plains of Mary at a time when the rest of the ecosystem too dry, to ensure their food. When storm clouds begin to gather in the south, the herds turn toward home, where at that time once again grow lush green grass

Serengeti National Park, located in the Great African Rift Valley. It is a list of the most famous national parks of the world. Serengeti National Park – this nizkotravnye hilly valley area of 30 000 square kilometers in the territory of Tanzania and Kenya. They cover the lush grass that grows well in fertile soils of volcanic origin. Serengeti – a paradise for animals that are admired all visited it.

History of the Serengeti National Park

Tanzania is known for its national parks. Perhaps the most famous of these is Serengeti National Park.
The first of these places, Europeans found out only in 1913. Unfortunately, like all the British colonies in East Africa, the Serengeti plains quickly became a place of mass pilgrimages from Europe hunters. In 1929, the plains of the Serengeti was declared ohotnichm reserves. In 1940, the plains have become a protected area. However, because of material difficulties Serengeti plains remained a protected area, only on paper. In 1951 the territory was given the status of a national park. However, the international status of the park was only in 1981. At the same time, he was recognized as a monument of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage.

Lions in the Serengeti National Park

The biggest bunch of lions in the world, or, as it is called zoologists – lion’s pride, was discovered in the world famous Serengeti National Park in 2005. Pride consists of 41 lions. Verkhovod his three adult males, each of which – for 10 years. In stayu also includes eight 4-year-old and 9 young lioness “princesses” who are two years. Another 13 live in pride lvyat in age from 4 months to a year and formally adjoined eight young lions – a lioness milk young brothers. They sometimes take part in the overall hunt Pride, but the time kept aloof. This clearly gives them to know their “sestritsy” who do not suffer from a number of competition bratishek. Nowhere in Africa has not previously been such a big pack like that, called “Pride Seronery. Conventional pride – this is the Lions 15-20.

The new emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di became the founder of the dynasty of Qin in 221 BC. e. He was one of the most famous emperors in Chinese history and the first united Chinese empire. After the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang-di in the city 210 BC. e. expanded the power struggle between the provincial governors, and the winner, Liu Bang, founded the Han dynasty (d. 206 BC. e. – 220 of Mr.. e.). Under the Han Dynasty of China’s territory has expanded considerably. After the fall of Han dynasty, the struggle for power is launched 3 kingdoms – Wei, Shu and W. After a short time the war came in 16 provinces. In 581 BC the city.  The work began with the Grand Canal, connecting the lower reaches of the Yangtze with the average over the Yellow River.

After the fall of the dynasty Suy, the Tang era, the history of China has reached flowering. It was during this period China has become the most powerful in the world and represented the main force in East Asia. The population of Xi’an, the capital of the empire, more than 1 million people, culture flourished: evolving classical painting, such arts as music, dance and opera, produced excellent pottery, was discovered the secret of the white translucent porcelain. Dominated by Confucian ethics and Buddhism, there has been progress in science – mainly in astronomy and geography.

Towards the end of IX century. began military incursions into the neighboring nations of China, moreover, constantly flared internal uprising. In 907 of the dynasty had ceased to exist, and quickly replaced by five others. During this troubled period of Chinese history have been introduced paper currency notes and invented a primitive printing press. At the beginning of the XIII century. Genghis Khan invaded China. By 1223 his forces captured all the lands north of the Yellow River. Sung dynasty had ceased to exist in 1279 when Hubilay captured all of China and became emperor. Mongolian Yuan Dynasty established the capital of the state in Hanbalyke, the current Beijing. For the first time in the history of all foreigners ruled China, and the state became part of a vast empire extending into Europe and Persia in the west and covering the plains and steppes of Siberia to the north. The presence of other people’s warriors in the lands of China and the seizure of the Mongols usable land eventually led to the red dressing dip in the middle of the XIV century. Mongol Empire beginning of collapse after the death of Hubilaya in 1297, and trade routes were unsafe again. Some time later expelled the Mongols from China and Min dynasty prevailed, first in Nanjing and then – in Beijing. At that time, actively developing the architecture, to grow new crops, the power concentrated at the court, were sent to major sea expeditions to Java, Sri Lanka and even the Persian Gulf and Africa. Manchuria was the second strange people occupy China, but they are quickly adapted to Chinese culture, that only a few generations, few of Manchuria spoke in their native language. The boundaries of the empire has expanded considerably, the first 150 years of Manchuria in the country of peace and prosperity reigned. At the beginning of the XIX century. European ships began to increasingly appear near the coast, Tsarist Russia took possession of Siberia. Given opium wars (1839-1842) Shanghai and Nanjing passed into the hands of Englishmen, five ports were opened for trade, while British troops occupied Hong Kong. The Chinese were forced to import opium to support trade. In addition, the threat to the Manchurian court represented a rebellion taypinov (1848-1864), led by religious fanatics who call themselves the brother of Jesus Christ. He and his followers took over a large area of China and established the heavenly capital in Nanjing. Attempts by rebels to seize Beijing and weak resistance to Manchuria led the British and the French to seek new concessions from the emperor. The result was Beijing agreement to which additional ports opened to foreign traders, guaranteed extraterritorial rights and privileges of foreigners in China. Allied forces and the army defeated taypinov Manchuria, Nanjing has been won. But soon the war with Japan, China (1894 – 1895), in which China lost Korea, Taiwan and Peskadorskie island.

In 1900, Community fair fists, or Boxers, invaded Beijing and attacked the quarter where the foreigners lived. The siege lasted 50 days until it arrived expeditionary force of seven Western states and Japan. Boxers had to flee. Revolutionary Movement in China eventually led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 At that time, the revolutionaries in Nanjing have created their own government. Sun Yatsenbsh proclaimed the first president on 1 January 1912., But it is a general Yuan Shikal Manchuria forced to abdicate in 1912 and declared China a constitutional republic. The capital of the state was declared Beijing. In the same year, Sun Yatsen KMT party formed by Yuan Shikal in 1913 declared illegal. Yuan tried to become emperor, but his attempt failed. After his death in 1916, Japan took advantage of internal strife in China to seize the province of Shandong, and put forward the so-called Twenty-one requirement, in which power in China, passed into the hands of the Japanese. China was forced to agree to these demands, and since then this day is considered a national day of mourning.

In 1917, China entered into the First World War, primarily driven by the desire to win back the lost provinces, but at the Versailles Peace Conference, China’s claims were dismissed. In July 1921, in Shanghai, was founded the Chinese Communist Party, one of the leaders which was Mao Zedong. In 1924, the KMT party, deprived of the support of Western democracies, was re-Sun Yatsenom under the leadership of the Soviet Government. With the support of the Russian communists had formed a revolutionary army. Sun Yatsen died in 1925, a national government headed by the province of Guangzhou Chang Kaisha. Nationalist troops moved north, taking the province to province, and in 1927 reached Shanghai. In April 1927, after the massacre of members of the Communist Party, was established in Nanking temporary nationalist government, which Western powers recognized in 1928, became President Chiang Kaisha. For nearly 10 years Kaisha Chan tried to restore political unity across the country, but faced with strong opposition. In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria, and by 1933, the troops approached the outskirts of Beijing.

By 1935, Mao Zedong proclaimed himself leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Over half began full-scale invasion of Japanese troops in China, and by October 1938 the Japanese army to control all the eastern provinces of Manchuria to Guanduna. In Beijing and Nanjing have been set up puppet governments. KMT troops fled back to Chongqing, the Communists took Shaanxi province, leading the guerrilla war in the occupied territories. In 1945, after the defeat of the Japanese Army in the Pacific, Japanese troops surrendered to China. Army Chan Kaisha through the Air Force United States kidnapped the remains of Japanese troops, and thereby gained control of the main strategic points of the territory occupied by the Japanese. In 1949, civil war broke out in China. Using the same tactics of guerrilla warfare, which they captured during the occupation, the Communists in 1948 took almost all the northern lands, in January 1949 took Beijing. Troops Kaisha Chiang fled to Taiwan.

1 Oct., 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the People’s Republic of China education. The first of the new government were aimed at economic reconstruction and the establishment of socialist institutions. The Chinese in that helped the Soviet Union under the Covenant of the Soviet-Chinese friendship, which was concluded in February 1950, the country came to the Soviet experts, China has received the equipment needed for economic recovery. In October 1950, China joined the Korean War. At the same time, the country’s agrarian reforms have been introduced to ensure a more equitable distribution of land, but they are accompanied by the killing of former landlords and rich peasants. In addition, measures against the political and economic corruption. In 1953 he was adopted by the first five-year plan, an attempt to development of Chinese economy on the Soviet model, in which emphasis was placed on the development of heavy industry. The land given to farmers under the land reform was taken away back in the process of establishing collective farms. In 60-ies started breaking of relations between China and the USSR. All Soviet specialists were withdrawn, the assistance program has stopped. In 1962, authorities were forced to convert the communes in the more efficient small farms. In the same year, clashes on the border with India led to war. Two years later, China was the explosion of atomic bombs.

In 1966, Red Guards began the movement that gripped the whole of China. When in 1968 he managed to subdue a rebellion, Mao returned to power. In 1969, serious clashes between border forces of China and the USSR on the Ussuri River. In 1971, Mao’s successor, Lin Biao tried to enlist the support of the army and to the coup, but was defeated and was killed on the border with Mongolia while trying to flee to the USSR. A year later, U.S. President R. Nixon visited China with a view to concluding communiqué, which the U.S. recognized the right of China to Taiwan as an integral part of the country. In 1976, the death of Prime Minister Zhou Enlay, and after a short time, radical circles of the party launched a violent campaign against his likely successor, Deng Xiaoping, who in April was removed from all posts. In July, China suffered from severe earthquakes in Tyanshane, near Beijing, which killed at least 240 thousand people and caused huge damage to one of the major industrial estates country. Mao died in September. In 1977 Deng Xiaoping was restored to all positions and led a faction of moderates, trying to move through the economic development and reform. China has begun work on the program , which was to strengthen the industry, agriculture, science and defense. In 1980 he voiced criticism of Mao Zedong and his serious errors in recent years the government. June 3, 1989 crackdown on student demonstrations were thrown troops. Hundreds of people died, thousands were arrested. Zhao Tszyyan was removed from his post as general secretary. In 1994, China has lifted the official control of the currency exchange yuan has gained a firm course.